Drilling apparatus



y 1952 E. A. SMITH 2,598,454

DRILLING APPARATUS Filed June 2, 1950 '7 Sheets-Sheet l 3O FIGJ INVENTOEDWARD A. SMITH ATTORNEYS y 1952 E. A. SMITH 2,598,454

DRILLING APPARATUS Filed June 2, 1950 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 2 ml, Mi

ATTORNE S May 27, 1952 Filed June 2, 1950 E. A. SMITH 2,598,454

DRILLING APPARATUS 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. EDWARD A. FMITH ATTORN EYJMay 27, 1952 E. A, SMITH DRILLING APPARATUS Filed June 2, 1950 7Sheets-Sheet 4 WIIIWIIHWmUHHWWUII I INVENTOR. EDWARD A. SMITH a MM+WATTORNEYS y 1952 E. A. SMITH 2,598,454

DRILLING APPARATUS Filed June 2, 1950 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG. IO

INVEN TOR. EDWARD A. SMITH ATTORNEY-3 May 27, 1952 E. A. SMITH 2,598,454

' DRILLING APPARATUS Filed June 2, 1950 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 FIG. I2

FIG. 57

Mm L? g '3 lll nl' "MI' IIP INVENTOR. EDWARD A. SMITH ATTORNEYS E. A.SMITH DRILLING APPARATUS May 27, 1952 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed June 2,1950 EDWARD A. SMiTH ATTORNEKS Patented May 27, 1952 UNITED STATES FTENTOFFICE DRILLING APPARATUS Edward A. Smith, Chatham, N. .L, assignor toRaymond Concrete Pile Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of NewJersey Application June 2, 1950, Serial No. 165,736

5 Claims. (Cl. 25519) This invention relates to drilling apparatus andmore particularly a novel arrangement of equipment adapted to becombined and used with pile drivers to convert same into means forhandling and operating drills.

Pile driving equipment of a well known type comprises a rotatablymounted platform or carriage upon which there is mounted an elongatedupstanding structure having guide rails for receiving a steam hammerassembly which is slidable by power hoisting means to various elevationsalong the guide rails. This structure is usually pivotally connected atits base to a horizontally slidable extension for the carriage and alsoconnected to boom means controlled by suitable tackle, all operable bypower means on the carriage to control the position of said upstandingstructure whereby the guide rails thereof may be tilted downwardly andforwardly, rearwardly or outwardly to either side of the carriage, andalso whereby, in view of the rotatable mounting of the carriage, theguide rails may be directed in various positions at substantially anyinclination desired for driving piles or caissons at a correspondinginclination.

In installing various types of hollow steel piles or caissons it iscustomary to drive them with equipment such as above described at thedesired position and angle, or verticaly down to a rock footing, and inorder to insure that the lower end will remainin place and distributeits load throughout the rock, it is sometimes the practice to drill ahole into the rock concentric with the lower end of the pile or caissonshell and then fill such hole as well as the shell with concretereinforced with a steel H-member or otherwise if desired.

Prior to my invention, so far as I am aware it has been the generalpractice for such drilling to employ conventional types of drillingequipment, such for example, as ordinary oil well rotary drillingapparatus, but this requires setting up special equipment to handle,rotate and control the drill. On the other hand with the presentinvention only afew relatively simple parts and attachments arenecessary to convert a pile driver into a form of apparatus suitable forper-- forming the drilling by utilizing the power means and derrick.equipment already available upon the pile driver. And since, where theequipment of this invention is to be used, a pile driver will usuallyalready be present on the job for pile or caisson driving purposes, theexpense and inconvenience of bringing to the site additional equip ment'for. drilling purposes is largely obviated,

However, it will be understood that the invention is useful for drillingas well in cases where no pile or caisson is first driven, and theinvention is particularly useful in cases where the drill holes are tobe made at a' variety of different inclinations.

Further and more specific objects, features and advantages of theinvention hereof will appear from the detailed description given below,taken in connection with the accompanying drawings which form a part ofthis specification and illustrate by way of example a preferredembodiment of the invention.

In the drawings: 1

Fig. 1 is a somewhat schematic elevational view showing a pile driverwhich has been converted and combined with drilling apparatusin'accordance with the invention. Fig. 2 is a view of the lower half ofthe guide rails and supporting structure thereof of the pile driver andshowing the apparatus when the guide rails are so positioned fordrilling a hole at an inclination to one side of the pile driverplatform or carriage. Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken substantiallyalong line 3-3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view takensubstantially along line 44 of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a side elevational viewof a portion of the equipment of Fig. 3, certain of the parts beingbroken away. Figs. 6 and 7 are views taken substantially along lines B-%and 'l-J of Fig. 5 respectively. Fig. 8 is a horizontal sectional viewtaken substantially along line 8-8 of Fig. 5. Fig. 9 is a sectional viewtaken substantially along line -3--9 of Fig. 5. Fig. 10 is a viewsimilar to Fig. 3, but showing the parts oscillated to a differentposition. Fig. 1-1 is a vertical sec-' tional view of the. upper portionof the drill stem as detachably connected to the steam hammer assembly.Fig. 12 is an elevational view of the part of the equipmentshown in Fig.1 1. Fig. 13 is a vertical sectional view of the lower end portions ofthe drill in operation for drilling a hole at the lower end of a hollowpile or caisson; and Fig. 14 is a sectional view taken substantiallyalong line i l-4i of Fig. 13.

Referring now more specifically to Fig. 1, the pile driver as here showncomprises a platform or carriage l5 rotatably mounted by suitable knownmeans I5, and carrying a boom-like means H which is adjustable bysuitable tackle l 8 operable by power driven means generally indicatedat I9 on the rear portion of the carriage I5. Means such as indicated at20 is mounted on the forward end of the carriage to be slidable-inv andout under the control of the power equipment, such means 28 at its outerend being pivotally connected as at 2! to an elongated upstandingstructure 22, the mid portion of which is pivotally connected as at 23to the upper end of the boom means ll. Thus, in the usual way thestructure 22 may be moved to various inclinations pointing downwardlyand forwardly. or downwardly and rearwardly, depending upon the positionof the slide means 20 and the inclination of the boom means [1' aspivotally connected to the structure 22 at 23. As further shown in Fig.2 the outer end of the slidable means 28 may if desired be provided withan arcuate guiding means 24 along which the lower end of the structure22 may be moved to tilt the said structure to inclined positionsdirected toward the ground at either side of the carriage.

On the structure 22 a pair of guide rails 26, 21 are mounted forslidably receiving a steam hammer assembly as at 28, the elevation ofwhich may be adjusted along the guide rails by a cable 29 running overpulleys as at 3B and down to the power hoisting apparatus on thecarriage [5.

The portions of the equipment of Figs. 1 and 2 as thus far specificallydescribed constitute parts of a known form of pile driver, and for suchdetails thereof as are not hereinabove specifically described, referencemay be had to such well known forms of pile drivers.

An elongated hollow drill stem 32 is adapted to be positioned betweenthe two guide rails 26, 27 and to be slidably and oscillatably retainedin such position by attachments to the pile driver hereinafterdescribed. Two or more longitudinally extending key portions as at 33,33 are secured as by welding along the greater part of the length of thedrill stem and these are adapted to be slidably received by wrench meansfor oscillating the drill stem as hereinafter described. such wrenchmeans together with retaining means therefor being located at 34adjacent the lower end of the structure 22.

Reference is now made to the lower end of the drill stem as shown inFigs. -7, and 13, 14. As best shown in the lower part of Fig. 5 and inFig. 7 a pair of steel plates 36, 31, sharpened at their lower edges asat 38, are welded in place at right angles to each other to provide thecutting means. At the lower end of the hollow stem 32 a plate as at 39is welded in place for closing 01? such end except for passages as at 40formed by channel shaped members At, each of which is welded along oneof the right angle corners formed by the members 36, 31 so as to providefour discharge outlets 42 communicating with the hollow interior of thestem 32 and serving to discharge water or other fluid therefrom topoints adjacent the cutting edges 38.

In Fig. 13 the lower portions of the drill are shown in a positionextending down through a hollow pile or caisson shell 43 which has beenpreviously driven to rock footing as at 34. It will be understood thatafter this shell is put in place the drill as handled by the pile driverequipment is slipped down through the shell into drilling position. Butfirst an annular guide means generally indicated at 50 is preferablyplaced around the drill stem just above the cutting members 36, 31, thisguide means being for the purpose of centering the drill with respect tothe caisson or pile shell while at the same time allowing the drill togradually slide down therethrough as the drilling proceeds. As shown inFig. 14 the guide means 50 may comprise simply a pair ofsemi-cylindrical members having flanges bolted together as at 5| and.having such additional longitudinally extending spacer flanges at 52 asmay be desirable to space the drill assembly uniformly from the insidewalls of the pile or caisson shell.

The upper end of the drill stem 32 as shown in Fig. 11 is preferablycovered by a driving head or cap 55 preferably sealed in place andadapted to be received within the lower socketed end of a hammerfollower piece 55 which may be of a suitable known construction, such asheretofore used as a follower for steam hammers in the driving of piles.The steam hammer assembly 28 as shown in Fig. 11 may be of a suitableconventional type having a ram 51 adapted to strike a wooden block as at53 retained on top of the follower 53.

The upper end of the drill stem is preferably formed with thetransversely extending tubular piece 59 welded and sealed in place toprovide an aperture for receiving a cable sling or loop Gil for looselyand detachably securing the drill stem to the hammer. That is, the lowerportion of the hammer assembly is provided with hook portions Bl such asusually used for attaching a follower and these are here used forhooking engagement with the two ends of the loop 69. The follower 58 maysimilarly be detachably connected to the hammer assembly by a loop orsling 62, the mid portion of which passes through apertures 63 in thefollower and the ends of which also engage on hook portions 6| in theusual way of securing the pile driving follower in place with respect tothe hammer.

The upper portion of the hollow drill stem 32 is provided with a hoseconnection 64 for introducing a supply of water or other liquid into thestem to flow down about the cutting edges of the lower end of the drillas above described. Since the drill stem in operation is merelyoscillated and not rotated continuously as is the case with the usualrotatable drill, the water connection at 64 does not need to be aswiveled attachment.

Referring now more particularly to Figs. 35. 8 and 9, the guide andwrench means at the base of the structure 22 for holding the drill stemin position and oscillating same, will now be described.

A fabricated steel yoke means 56 has its two branches rigidly andpermanently aifixed to the lower ends of the guide rails 25, 21respectively. The guide means generally indicated at 6'! (see Figs. 3and 8) may include a cylindrical portion 58 within which is rotatablyreceived a portion of the wrench means hereinafter described. Cylindrical portion 68 is welded at its upper and lower ends to plates and H!(Figs. 4 and 5). Also vertical fins as at ll, 12 are welded to oppositesides of the member 68 (Fig. 8) and webs 13 are welded to member 68 andto the top and bottom plates of the guide assembly. Adapter means areprovided at each side of this arrangement, permitting same to beremoyably and slidably received between the guide rails 25 and 21'. Suchadapter means may comprise a pair of runners l3, 74 of I-shaped crosssection, and between the flanges of which the guide rails 25, 21 arereceived, as will be apparent in Fig. 8. A pair of plate-like lugs as atl5, 16 (Figs. 5 and 8) are welded at vertically spaced points to each ofthe members '13, id, and removable pins at as ll are positioned inapertures passing down through plate 69, platelike lugs l6, l5 and plate18. Each of the members l3, '14 also has protruding from one sidethereof, a plurality of pins as at I8 which are 5 Iemovablymeceivedincortfifiliflflhlhbfirtuzesrill web portions '19 which are weldedttoandF-formra par Of the uide assembly- :er. Thus. when the 15 wejldedthereto,-and the pins .13, .serveto hold a the entire guide means in aposition :between ithe guide rails 26 and 21 and theguiderassembly :as awhole in such position is sli'dable 11p. and down. theguide rails zfi,21.

'In order 'to lim-itdownwa-rdsliding o'fttheguide assembly'fi lfingermem-bersflll, '9] normally pro trude into the spaeebetween theflanges of guide rails 27;"25 respectively and restupon'websfas at 82welded in place between suchfflanges. These fingers areeach pivotallymounted on removable pins as at. 331 which pass through a pair of websas at.84 suitably welded to the guide assembly, the fingers B 8| beingmovable arcuately about the pins 83-while held between the webs 84 (seeFigs; and 8).. The fingers 80, 8| are normally held in active positionby removable pins as at 86. When these pins are removed andthe wholeguide assembly 61 is elevated somewhat (as by using the power hoistingfacilities of the pile driver), it will apparent from Fig. 5 that thefingers :80, 8! will be free to swing about their pivoting pins 83 sothat their inner ends will drop down and thereafter the whole guideassembly will be free to beslid-down out from between the lower ends ofthe guide rails 26, '21.

The wrench assembly for arcuate'ly oscillating the drill stem maycomprise four annular rings 81, 88, 89 and 99 (Fig. 4), each-of which isformed with internal notches to slidably receive the keys 33, 33'' onthe drill stem'32 (see Fig. 8) and also with such further internalnotches as at 9| as maybe necessary to enable the wrench means to beslid onto. the drill stem either over the lower end or over the waterconnections etc. at the upper end. As-shown in Fig. 4, annular rings 88and 89 respectively are welded to the upper and lower ends of acylindrical member 92 which is rotatably received within the cylindricalportion 68 of the guide assembly; The upper annular ring-8'! isremovably secured as by bolts 93 to the annular r ring 88. The externaldiameter of ring 81 is larger than the diameter of the central aperturethrough the guide assembly 61 so that this top ring serves to retain thewrench means against sliding down through the guide means, but when thewrench means is to be removed from the guide assembly, this may beaccomplished simply by removing the bolts 93 to remove the upper'ring B1whereupon the wrench structure may be readily slid down out of the guideassembly.

The lower two annular rings 89, 90 respectively are welded to the upperand lower ends of a tubular member 95. Arm-likemeans generally indicatedat 96 is of a fabricated construction welded to the rings 89, 90 and tothe tubular member 95 and, protrudes out to a pair of branches also offabricated construction and generally indicated at 9?, 99 (Fig. 9).Ropes or cables 99, I00 are secured-to the outer ends of the parts 91,99 respectively rand upon applying tension to such cables alternately,the wrench structure, together with the drill stem, may be oscillatedarcuately through about 120 as indicated by the parts shown'in dottedand full lines in Fig. 10. Cables 9-9, I99 pass under and around sheavesllll, I02

B .respeotivelmsthe themes; tor winch icreipivcmllr mountedr-asazt. :3.kM'toxtheeomershf-the-woke 'mcmberfifi. .Erorn the sheaves al 01;, 1:02,the cables extendup along-thecstructurec Rig-.11) and-over sheavesasciatl llfi andithence; down toarspoolalike .dru-mor drums iormingiausualxpart oi-therpowerdriven hoisting equipmentat t9, the dr drumsbeing so driven-and the cables. being 'so wound thereon thattension'imay be alternately pplied. to the cables in rainy-suitableknown way.

The cables .99.. 1| 00:, :as shown inFi'g. 3.v normal- 1y areguidedoversheayesasvat N6, llll'mounted at. the'sides of. the branches-of theyoke 66., but as will be clear from Fig. 10. when the wrench means imoved to (its extreme position in. either direction. the cables willleave-these sheaves and then. to control theirpositlonscyelet-'likemembers as at I08. I09 may be provided, thesemembers being pivotally mounted on the same axis as the sheaves I06, I01and being .free to swing within limits as determined by stop members 0which are welded to the brackets III by which the eyelet-like membersare pivotally carried.

In order to convert the pile driver into apparatus for drilling, theabove-described wrench assembly may first be slid over the drill stem32. The guide assembly 61 is then slid into place about the upperportion of the wrench assembly and there held in place by bolting on theupper annular ring 81. The power driven hoisting equipment of the piledriver may then be. used by attaching a sling around the upper end ofthe drill stem to pull the drill stem up into an'upright positionbetween'the guide rails 2.6, 21.. Then, after the adaptermeans.,inc1-uding the runners 13, T4- are in place at the lower ends ofthe guide rails 26., 21, the. guide assembly 51,. as containing thewrench means and drill stem, may be lifted to the: proper elevation bythe power hoisting equipment of the pile driver and fitted into placebetween such adapter means and there retained by inserting the pins 11.

Ifxthe lower end of the drill stem is to be held 1. in alignment with apile or. caisson shell as-hereinabove described in connection with Figs.13 and I4, the drill. stem will have first been surrounded, by theguide. means of Fig. 14.

The upper end ofv the drill stem may now be removably attached to thehammer assembly 28 and follower piece 56 as above describedv inconnection with Figs. 11 and 12, and upon applying the. water connectionat 64, the drilling apparatus will be ready for operation. The piledriver hammer is: then put into operation in the. usual way, and as thedrill stem is arcuately oscillated, drilling will proceed. Afterdrilling of the hole is completed, it will be apparent that the parts.which are, used to adapt the pile driver for drillingpurposes, may allreadily be removed.

to permit the pile driver to then beused again for driving piles forcaissons.

With. the above described embodiment of the invention, it will be notedthat the: drillv stem is held and guided at its lower end by the guidemeans 59 and at a point intermediate its length by the guide assembly61,, and also the upper end of the drill stem is retained against anysubstantial displacement by reason of the detachable connections to thehammer assembly. Of course if necessary or desired, additional guidemeans may be provided for the drill stem at intermediate points alongthe structure 22.

While the invention has been described in detail with respect to aparticular preferred example, it will be understood by those skilled inthe art after understanding the invention, that various changes andfurther modifications may be made without departing from the spirit andscope of the invention, and it is intended, therefore, in the appendedclaims to cover all such changes and modifications.

'--What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patentis:

1. Pile driving apparatus adapted for alternative use for drillingpurposes, comprising in combination: a pile driver assembly of the typehaving guide rails; a fluid pressure operated pile driving hammerassembly slidable by the power hoisting means of the apparatus tovarious elevations along said guide rails, said guide rails beingadjustable in position by the power hoisting means; an elongated drillstem adapted to extend along between said guide rails' and formed withlongitudinal key means. said drill stem being detachably andoscillatably connected at its upper end to the hammer assembly; guidemeans for slidably and oscillatably receiving the drill stem anddetachably secured to the lower ends of said guide rails; wrench meansslidablyengaging said drill stem key means for oscillating the drillstem, said wrench means also being detachably supported on the lowerends of said guide rails; and cables connected to oscillate said wrenchmeans upon being; alternately subjected to tension by the power means onthe pile driver assembly.

2. Pile driving apparatus adapted for alternative use for drillingpurposes, comprising in combination: a pile driver assembly of the typehaving guide rails; a fluid pressure operated pile driving hammerassembly slidable by power hoisting means of the apparatus to variouselevations along said guide rails, said guide rails being adjustable ininclination by the power hoisting means; an elongated drill stemextending along said guide rails and formed with a longitudinallyextending fluid passage; a connection rigidly secured at the upper endof said drill stem for bringing said passage into communication with asource of fluid supply, said drill stem being detachably connected atits upper end by a sling to the hammer assembly permitting oscillationof the drill stem; guide means for slidably and oscillatably receivingthe drill stem and detachably secured to the lower ends of said guiderails; wrench means slidably engaging said drill stem adjacent saidguide means for oscillating the drill stem; and cables connected tooscillate said wrench means upon being alternately subjected to tensionby the power means on the pile driver assembly.

3. Pile driving apparatus adapted for alternative use ior drillingpurposes, comprising in combination: a pile driver assembly of the typehaving guide rails; a fluid pressure operated pile driving hammerassembly slidable by power hoisting means of the apparatus to variouselevations along said guide rails, said guide rails being pivotallymounted intermediate the ends thereof for adjustment to various anglesto the vertical, the power hoisting means having connections to said 8guide rails to affect such adjustments; an elongated drill stem adaptedto extend along said guide rails; sling means for detachably connectingsaid drill stem at its upper end to the hammer assembly and permittingoscillation of the drill stem; guide means adapted to be detachablysecured to the lower ends of said guide rails for slidably andosoillatably receiving the drill stem; detachable wrench means forslidably engaging said drill stem adjacent said guide means foroscillating the drill stem; and detachable connections for extendingbetween said wrench means and the power means on the pile driverapparatus for oscillating said wrench means.

4. In combination with the hammer guide rails of fluid pressure operatedpile driving hammer apparatus having power hoisting equipment: guidemeans detachably secured to the lower ends of said guide rails andhaving an aperture between said guide rails for slidably andoscillatably receiving a drill stem; a drill stem detachably andoscillatably connected at its upper end to the hammer assembly andextending down through said guide means; a wrench structure detachablysupported in said guide means and slidably receiving said drill stem tooscillate same; and connections for oscillating said wrench means in-'cluding a pair of cables running from the wrench means over pulleys andalong the guide rails to the power hoisting equipment, for oscillatingsaid wrench means.

5. In combination with the hammer guide rails of fluid pressure operatedpile driving hammer apparatus having power hoisting equipment: guidemeans detachably mounted adjacent the lower ends of said guide rails andhaving an aperture between said guide rails for slidably andoscillatably receiving a drill stem; adaptor means having portionsrespectively embracing said guide rails and interposed between same andsaid guide means to retain the latter in position; a drill stemdetachably and oscillatably connected at its upper end to the hammerassembly and extending down through said guide means; an oscillatablewrench structure detachably supported in said guide means and slidablyreceiving said drill stem to oscillate same; and connections foroscillating said wrench means including a pair of cables runningtherefrom to the power hoisting equipment.

EDWARD A. SMITH.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 708,657 Osgood Sept. 9, 19022,056,744 Smith Oct. 6, 1936 2,072,526 Morrison Mar. 2, 1937 2,096,943Templeton Oct. 26, 1937 2,107,556 Watson Feb. 8, 1938 FOREIGN PATENTSNumber Country Date 798,508 France 1936

